Oracle 11g Release 2 Database Software Installation on OEL6 or RHEL 6

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1. Introduction
2. Installation Requirements
3. Pre-installation tasks
4. Installation procedure

Introduction:

This article explains the step by step procedure to install Oracle 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1) Database Software on oracle enterprise Linux 6 x86-64 or redhat enterprise Linux 6 x86-64 with pictorial representation.


Installation Requirements:

Below are the requirements for the installation of 11gR2 database software.

Operating System Requirements:

Perform the Installation of Oracle Enterprise Linux 6 x86-64. Refer the Oracle Enterprise Linux 6 installation document for the Installation.

Hardware Requirements:

A. Please verify that the processor architecture matches the Oracle software release to install. If you do not see the expected output, then you cannot install the software on this system. Please verify it by using the below command.
# uname -m
B. The kernel requirements for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 should be 2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later for OEL6 or RHEL6. Check the kernel version of your linux machine by using the below command.
# uname -r
C. At least 1.0 GB of physical RAM. We recommend minimum 2.0 GB of physical RAM for smooth installation. Command to check amount of RAM installed on the system is,
# free -m (or)  # grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
D. A minimum of 2 GB swap space or more is required for the database installation. Swap size should be proportional to RAM size as follows,
Swap space equal to Double the RAM size (if RAM < 4GB) 

Swap space equal to RAM size (if RAM > 4GB)

Swap space equal to 16GB (If RAM More than 16GB)
Check the Swap size by using,
# free -m (or)  # grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
E. Minimum of 1.0 GB free space in /tmp directory is required and maximum of 2 TB free space. To check the amount of free space in /tmp,
# df -h /tmp
F. More than 4.7 GB free space is required on the mount point to install oracle 11gR2 database Enterprise Edition and 4.6 GB of free space for Standard Edition. The recommended space for total Database Installation is to have a minimum of 50 GB free space in the server for Software and database.

Software Requirements:

Download Oracle 11g Release 2 database software for Linux x86-64 from www.oracle.com and copy the files to linux server using winscp or shared folder.

Pre-Installation Tasks:

A. Set selinux to either permissive or disabled by using the below command.
# setenforce 0
To permanently disable selinux, edit /etc/selinux/config and set value for SELINUX to “disabled”.
 SELINUX=disabled
B. Starting with Oracle Database 11g, the Automatic Memory Management feature requires more shared memory and file descriptors. The shared memory (/dev/shm) should be sized to be at least the greater of MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET for each Oracle instance. Change the size of /dev/shm by running the following command as root user.
# mount -o remount,size=4g /dev/shm
Add following line in /etc/fstab file for shared memory file system. Modify the value of size based on the amount of memory you will be using for your SGA.
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs default,size=4g 0 0
C. The /etc/hosts file must contain a fully qualified name for the server. Add the ip address and full hostname to /etc/hosts file in the following format.
<IP-address> <fully-qualified-host-name> <machine-name>
Example: 
192.168.1.45   server1.dbacentral.com   server1
D. Create the new groups and users by using below commands.
# groupadd -g 54321 oinstall

# groupadd -g 54322 dba

# useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba oracle
Set the password for oracle user by using below commad.
# passwd oracle
E. We can perform automatic configuration by using yum command. If you want to do manual configuration, skip this step and go to next step.
Execute following command to perform all prerequisites automatically. The below command will install all required packages which are needed for RDBMS software installation.
# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall –y
Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file.
# Oracle user

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft nproc 16384

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard stack 32768

oracle hard memlock 134217728

oracle soft memlock 134217728
F. Skip this step if you have followed above step, otherwise install the following packages manually. Install following packages (or latest version) from either yum repository or from Linux 6 media. 
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)

compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686

gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)

glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686

ksh

libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)

libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686

libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686

libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686

libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686

make-3.81-19.el6

sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
To use ODBC, you must also install the following additional ODBC RPMs. Install the below or later version of packages.
unixODBC-2.2.14-11.el6 (x86_64) or later

unixODBC-2.2.14-11.el6.i686 or later

unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-11.el6 (x86_64) or later

unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-11.el6.i686 or later
Edit the /etc/sysctl.conf and add following entries to set kernel parameters
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
Execute following command after adding above lines in /etc/sysctl.conf file as root user.
# /sbin/sysctl -p
Edit the /etc/security/limits.conf file to set shell limits for oracle user.
# Oracle user

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft nproc 16384

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard stack 32768

oracle hard memlock 134217728

oracle soft memlock 134217728
G. Create the required directories for Oracle Inventory, Oracle Base and for database software installation. Set the required permission on the created directories.
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.1
# chown -R oracle:dba /u01/app/oracle
# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

Installation Procedure:

1. Now login as oracle user and invoke Oracle universal installer (OUI) from oracle database stage area by using the following command.
$ ./runInstaller

Configure Security Updates

2. Now you will be presented with the below screen. Configuring the Oracle Support credentials, which are required for Oracle Configuration Manager. If you have valid credentials and the server is connected to the Internet, then you should provide these details. Otherwise, you can skip this option and configure them after installation.

Installation Options

3. Here Three options are available in this screen. Now we are performing a fresh software installation, so you should choose Install database software only and click on Next button.

Grid options

4. Choose the Single Instance Database installation as we are going to perform the installation on single node. Click on Next button.

Product Languages

5. Select the languages from the given list, in which you want to run the database software and click on Next button.

Database Edition

6. Select the database edition either Standard Edition or Enterprise edition based on your requirement.

Click on Select Options button at the bottom of window to choose the required database components.
Oracle Partitioning:
Partitioning enhances the performance, manageability, and availability of a wide variety of applications and helps reduce the total cost of ownership for storing large amounts of data.
Oracle OLAP:
Oracle OLAP makes it easy to produce analytic measures, including time-series calculations, financial models, forecasts, allocations, regressions, and more.
Oracle Label Security:
Oracle Label Security Is a Control of access to sensitive information is of concern to managers, information officers, DBAs, application developers, and many others.
Oracle Data Mining RDBMS Files:
Oracle Data Mining (ODM), a component of the Oracle Advanced Analytics Database Option, provides powerful data mining algorithms that enable data analysts to discover insights, make predictions and leverage their Oracle data and investment.
Oracle Database Vault option:
Oracle Database Vault restricts access to specific areas in an Oracle database from any user, including users who have administrative access.
Oracle Real Application Testing:
Oracle Real Application Testing option enables you to perform real-world testing of Oracle Database. By capturing production workloads and assessing the impact of system changes before production deployment, Oracle Real Application Testing minimizes the risk of instabilities associated with changes.

Now Click on Next button.

Installation Location

7. Specify the path for Oracle Base,Software Location and click on Next button.

Operating System Groups

8. It requires the operating system groups for installing Oracle RDBMS (12.1.0.2) Home and the database for OS authentication. Select the desired operating system groups and click on Next button.

Prerequisite Checks

9. Now the installer will perform prerequisite checks and list the errors and warning. Please resolve the issues, before going to next step.

Summary

10. Now you will be presented with a Summary screen as below. Click on Install button to start the installation.

Install Product

11. The database software installation will be processed as shown below. Wait for the installation to complete.

12. Execute the scripts as a root user. Click on OK button after running the scripts.

Finish

13. The successful installation shows the below screen. Click on Close button to exit the installer.

This completes the installation of Oracle 11gR2 database software.





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