Oracle Database 12cR2 Installation on Oracle Linux

1. Introduction
2. Installation Requirements

• Operating System Requirements
• Hardware Requirements
• Software Requirements

3. Pre-installation tasks
4. Installation procedure
5. Database Creation

Introduction:

This article explains the step by step procedure to install Oracle 12c Release 2 (12.2.0.1) database software on oracle linux 6 x86-64 or redhat enterprise linux 6 x86-64 with pictorial representation.

Installation Requirements:

Below are the requirements for the installation of oracle 12cR2 database software.

Operating System Requirements:

Perform the Installation of Oracle Enterprise Linux 6 x86-64. Refer the Oracle Linux 6 installation Document for the Installation.

Hardware Requirements:

A. Please verify that the processor architecture matches the Oracle software release to install. If you do not see the expected output, then you cannot install the software on this system. Please verify it by using the below command.

# uname -m

B. The kernel requirements for Oracle Database 12c Release 2 should be 2.6.39-200.24.1.el6uek.x86_64 or later for OEL 6 and  2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later for RHEL6. Check the kernel version of your linux machine by using the below command.

# uname -r

C. At least 1.0 GB of physical RAM. We recommend minimum 2.0 GB of physical RAM for smooth installation. Command to check amount of RAM installed on the system is,

$ free -m (or) $ grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

D. A minimum of 2 GB swap space or more is required for the database installation. Swap size should be proportional to RAM size as follows,

Swap space equal to Double the RAM size (if RAM < 4GB)
Swap space equal to RAM size (if RAM > 4GB
Swap space equal to 16GB (If RAM More than 16GB)

Check the Swap size by using,

$ free -m (or) $ grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

E. Minimum of 1.0 GB free space in /tmp directory is required and maximum of 2 TB free space. To check the amount of free space in /tmp,

$ df -h /tmp

F. More than 7.5 GB free space is required on the mount point to install oracle 12cR2 database Enterprise Edition or Standard Edition. The recommended space for total database installation is to have more than 50 GB free space in the server for software and database.

Software Requirements:

Download Oracle 12cr2 database software for Linux x86-64 from www.oracle.com and copy the files to linux server using winscp or shared folder.

Pre-Installation Tasks:

A. Set selinux to either permissive or disabled by using the below command.

# setenforce 0

To permanently disable selinux, edit "/etc/selinux/config" and set value for SELINUX to "disabled".

B. Disable the firewall by using the below commands.

# service iptables save
# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off
# service ip6tables save
# service ip6tables stop
# chkconfig ip6tables off

C. The shared memory (/dev/shm) should be sized to be at least the greater of MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET for each oracle instance. Change the size of /dev/shm by running the following command as root user.

# mount -o remount,size=4g /dev/shm 

Add following line in /etc/fstab file. Modify the value of size based on the amount of memory you will be using for your SGA.

tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   default,size=4g        0 0

D. The "/etc/hosts" file must contain a fully qualified name for the server. Add the IP address and full hostname to /etc/hosts file in the following format,

<IP-address> <fully-qualified-host-name> <machine-name>

Example:

192.168.1.45   server1.dbacentral.com   server1

E. We can perform automatic configuration by using yum command. If you want to do manual configuration, skip this step and go to next step.

Execute following command to perform all prerequisites automatically. The below command will install all required packages which are needed for RDBMS software installation.

# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-12cR2-preinstall –y

Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file.

oracle   soft   nofile    1024
oracle   hard   nofile    65536
oracle   soft   nproc    16384
oracle   hard   nproc    16384
oracle   soft   stack    10240
oracle   hard   stack    32768
oracle   hard   memlock    134217728
oracle   soft   memlock    134217728

F. Skip this step if you have followed above step, otherwise install the following packages manually. Install following packages (or latest version) from either yum repository or from Linux 6 media.

binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (i686)
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
ksh
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
libXext-1.1 (x86_64)
libXext-1.1 (i686)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (i686)
libX11-1.3 (x86_64)
libX11-1.3 (i686)
libXau-1.0.5 (x86_64)
libXau-1.0.5 (i686)
libxcb-1.5 (x86_64)
libxcb-1.5 (i686)
libXi-1.3 (x86_64)
libXi-1.3 (i686)
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)

Edit the /etc/sysctl.conf and add following entries to set kernel parameters.

fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

Execute following command after adding above lines in /etc/sysctl.conf file as root user.

# /sbin/sysctl -p

Edit the /etc/security/limits.conf file to set shell limits for oracle user.

oracle   soft   nofile    1024
oracle   hard   nofile    65536
oracle   soft   nproc    16384
oracle   hard   nproc    16384
oracle   soft   stack    10240
oracle   hard   stack    32768
oracle   hard   memlock    134217728
oracle   soft   memlock    134217728

G. Create the new groups and users by using below commands.

# groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
# groupadd -g 54322 dba
# groupadd -g 54323 oper
# useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

Set the password for oracle user by using below command.

# passwd oracle

H. Create the required directories for Oracle Inventory, Oracle Base and for database software installation. Set the required permission on the created directories.

# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1
# chown -R oracle:dba /u01/app/oracle
# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

Installation Procedure:

1. Now login as oracle user and invoke oracle universal installer (OUI) from oracle database stage location by using the following command.

$ ./runInstaller

Configure Security Updates

2. Now you will be presented with the below screen. Configuring the Oracle Support credentials, which are required for Oracle Configuration Manager. If you have valid credentials and the server is connected to the Internet, then you should provide these details. Otherwise, you can skip this option and configure them after installation.

Installation Option

3. Here Three options are available in this screen. As we are performing a fresh software installation, choose Install database software only option. Click on Next button.

Database Installation Options

4. Choose the Single Instance Database installation as we are going to perform the installation on single node. Click on Next button.

Database Edition

5. Select the database edition as Enterprise Edition and click on Next button.

Installation Location

6. Specify the path for Oracle Base and Software Location and click on Next button.

Operating System Groups

7. Select the desired operating system groups and click on Next button.

Prerequisite Checks

8. Now the installer will perform prerequisite checks and list the errors and warning. Please resolve the issues, before going to next step if you have any.

Summary

9. Now you will be presented with a Summary screen as below. Click on Install button to start the installation.

Install Product

10. The database software installation will be processed as shown below. Wait for the installation to complete.

11. Execute the scripts as a root user. Click on OK button after running the scripts.

Finish

12. The successful installation shows the below screen. Click on Close button to exit the installer.

This completes the installation of Oracle 12cR2 database software.

Oracle 12cr2 Database Creation

Read more at Oracle 12c Release 2 database creation document.